Sister Chromatids: Two identical copies of the same chromosome formed by DNA replication, attached to each other by a structure called the centromere. During cell division, they are separated from each other, and each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.
|
Mitosis |
Meiosis |
|
Cells undergo one round of division |
Cells undergo two rounds of division |
|
Creates all body (somatic) cells |
Creates only sex cells gametes: egg and sperm |
|
Produces two daughter cells |
Produces four daughter cells |
|
Daughter cells are diploid (2n) – contain a full set of DNA |
Daughter cells are haploid (n) – contain only half a set of DNA |
|
Daughter cells are genetically identical |
Daughter cells are genetically different |
|
Plays a role in growth and repair |
Plays a role in sexual reproduction |
Cancer: A collective name for many different diseases caused by a common mechanism, uncontrolled cell division.
What causes cancer? A mutation, an error in DNA replication during the S phase of interphase. All cancers begin when a gene mutation gives rise to a faulty protein that participates in the process of cell reproduction. Cell division can then occur uncontrolled.
|
Stages of Mitosis |
Events that Occur |
|
Interphase |
|
|
Prophase |
|
|
Metaphase |
|
|
Anaphase |
|
|
Telophase |
|
|
Cytokinesis |
|
Binary fission: The process through which asexual reproduction happens in bacteria. During binary fission, a single organism divides to become two independent organisms.
As this process is asexual, not involving the fusion of male and female gametes, there is not increased genetic diversity in the offspring.
